Xcas

Xcas
	Xcas
Original skaber(e)	Bernard Parisse
Udgivet	2000; 24 år siden
Stabil version	1.4.9-45 (januar 2018)
Skrevet i	C++
Operativsystem	Windows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, Android, iOS
Type	Computer Algebra System (CAS)
Licens	GNU GPL
Hjemmeside	www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/giac.html

Xcas, the swiss knife for mathematics,^[7] er et frit,^[8] open source^[9] computerprogram til brug i regning og matematik. Xcas er et Computer Algebra System (CAS),^[10] der kan løse ligninger (fig. 4) og differentialligninger (fig. 6) m.m. ved symbolmanipulation.^[11]

Basalt set er Xcas en brugergrænseflade til Giac,^[12] som er skrevet i programmeringssproget C++^[13] og Xcas virker i offline-tilstand til flere styresystemer.^[14]

Features (uddrag)[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Flere af disse features er fælles for Xcas & GeoGebra:^[15]

Xcas er bl.a. en basal lommeregner, der kan skrive pretty print ligesom LaTeX^[16] og flere equation editors. Dertil kommer, at Xcas kan vise input.
Xcas fungerer også som regneark.^[17]
fakorisere polynomier
tegne funktioners grafer (såvel 2-d som 3-d)^[18]
løse ligninger^[19] endda med komplekse rødder eller komplekse løsninger^[20] (fig. 4)
løse trigonometriske ligninger
løse differentialligninger^[21]^[22] (se fig. 6 og tabel nedenfor)^[23]
beregne differentialkvotienter og dermed differentialregning^[24] (se fig. 5)
beregne stamfunktioner og således integralregning^[25] (se fig. 5)
beregne arealer og bestemte integraler
beregne flere regressionstyper (eksponentiel, lineær,^[26] logaritmisk, logistisk, polynomial, potens)
programmering^[27]^[28]

Kommandoer (uddrag)[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Uddrag af manualen Symbolic algebra and Mathematics with Xcas:^[29]

Tegne funktions graf: plot(forskrift)
Tegne en lodret linje: line(forskrift) f.eks. line( $x=1$ )
Kvadratrod: sqrt(49) = 7
propfrac(42/15) = 2+4/5
Beregne determinant af en matriks: det([1,2],[3,4]) = -2
Beregne gennemsnit alias middeltal: mean([3,4,2]) = 3
Beregne standardafvigelse: stddev([3,4,2]) = sqrt(2/3)
Beregne varians: variance([3,4,2]) = 2/3
Beregne lokale ekstrema: extrema(-2*cos( $x$ )-cos( $x$ )^2, $x$ ) = [0],[pi]
Vektorprodukt alias cross product: cross([1,2,3],[4,3,2]) = [-5,10,-5]
Beregne antal Permutationer: nPr(
Beregne antal Kombinationer: nCr(
Faktorisere polynimium: factor(polynomium, $x$ ) eller cfactor(polynomium, $x$ )
Løse ligning (isolere $x$ ): solve(ligning, $x$ )
Foretage separation af de variable: split( $x$ +1)*( $y$ -2),[ $x$ , $y$ ) = [ $x$ +1, $y$ -2]
Løse differentialligning (differentialligningens højre-side skrives som $y'=$ eller $y''=$ ): desolve(differentialligning, $y$ ) f.eks. desolve( $y'=k\cdot y,y$ ) eller desolve( $y''=k\cdot y,y$ )
Beregne differentialkvotient: diff(funktion, $x$ )
Beregne ubestemt integrale (stamfunktion): int(funktion, $x$ )
Beregne bestemt integrale (areal under kurve): int(funktion, $x$ ,nedreGrænse,øvreGrænse)
Beregne volumen af omdrejningslegeme 360 grader omkring $x$ -aksen: int(pi*funktion^2, $x$ ,nedreGrænse,øvreGrænse)
Beregne volumen af omdrejningslegeme 360 grader omkring $y$ -aksen (for en aftagende funktion): int(2*pi* $x$ *funktion, $x$ ,nedreGrænse,øvreGrænse)

Styresystemer[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Xcas findes til flere styresystemer:^[14]

Xcas kan også anvendes online.^[36]

Xcas & GeoGebra[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Historie[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Xcas er open-source-projekter^[37] udviklet af en gruppe ledet af den franske matematiker Bernard Parisse^[38]^[10] ved Joseph Fourier-universitetet^[39] i Grenoble (Isère), Frankrig, siden år 2000.^[40] Xcas og Giac er baseret på erfaringer opnået med Parisses tidligere projekt Erable.^[41] I 2013 blev Xcas integreret med det østrigske CAS-program GeoGebra,^[13] der anvender Xcas som CAS-kerne.^[7] Integrationen mellem Xcas & GeoGebra er sket, selvom GeoGebra er skrevet i java.^[42] Siden 2013 findes forklarende videoer om Xcas^[43] online.^[44] OpenOffice.org anvender Xcas til beregninger.^[45]

Xcas & GeoGebra anvendes i undervisning[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Siden år 2000 har Xcas, the swiss knife for mathematics, opnået at blive meget udbredt i det franske uddannelsessystem;^[46] Også spanske og mexicanske uddannelsesinstitutioner har taget Xcas til sig.^[47] Nogle tyske^[10]^[48] og amerikanske universiteter anvender Xcas: University of North Carolina Wilmington^[49] og University of New Mexico.^[50]

I Danmark anvendes Xcas & GeoGebra og andre programmer[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

På trods af integrationen mellem Xcas og GeoGebra, så har Xcas i Danmark^[51] har endnu kun fundet begrænset anvendelse.^[52] Derimod anvender folkeskolen^[53] GeoGebra meget^[54] som supplement til LibreOffice^[55] regneark (Calc) og equation editor (Math).^[56] Gymnasier anvender både GeoGebra,^[57] TI-NSpire og Maple,^[58] mens universiteter^[59] anvender Maple.^[60]

Xcas & GeoGebra er CAS-programmer blandt flere[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Flere kommandoer for Xcas er kompatible med kommandoer til flere programmer,^[61]^[62] f.eks. Wolfram Alpha,^[63] Mathematica,^[64] Maxima,^[65] Maple,^[66]^[67] Matlab,^[68] Yacas,^[69]^[69] SageMath,^[70] Singular,^[71] MuPAD, Qcas, CPMP-Tools,^[72]^[73] WordMat (addon til Microsoft Word^[74]) og ExpressionsinBar (64 bit app for macOS^[75]^[76]) samt Graphmatica^[77] og Kig.^[78]^[79] Grafregnerne TI-89, TI-92,^[80] Voyage 200 og TI-Nspire^[18] rummer også kommandoer, som udviser ligheder med Xcas.^[18] Der er et forum for spørgsmål om Xcas.^[81]

Xcas & GeoGebra hører til denne gruppe^[33] af CAS-softwares^[82]

Navn	Software licens	Programmeringssprog	MS Windows	macOS	Linux	Andre OS	Kommando løser differentialligning	Note og kilde
CPMP-Tools	freeware eller fri software	java	Windows	macOS	Linux			^[73]
ExpressionsinBar	freeware eller fri software	?		64 bit app for macOS			desolve( $y'=b\cdot y-a$ , $y$ )	^[75]
GeoGebra	freeware eller fri software	java	Windows	macOS	Linux	Android & iOS	SolveODE(^[83]	også som web app^[84]
Maple *	kommerciel	C, Java, Maple	Windows	macOS	Linux		dsolve $(y'(x)=k\cdot y(x)$ , $y(x))$ ^[85]	^[86]
Mathematica *	kommerciel	Wolfram Language, Lisp	Windows	macOS	Linux	Solaris	DSolve( $y'=k\cdot y$ , $y$ )^[87]	også som web^[88] app^[89]
MATLAB	kommerciel	C/C++, MATLAB	Windows	macOS	Linux			^[90]
Maxima	freeware eller fri software	Common Lisp	Windows	macOS	Linux	Android	ode2 (eqn, dvar, ivar)^[91]	også som online app^[92]
SageMath	freeware eller fri software	Python 3	Windows	macOS	Linux		desolve( $y'=b\cdot y-a$ , $y$ )^[93]	^[94]
Singular	freeware eller fri software	C++	Windows	macOS	Linux			findes^[95] også online^[96]
TI-Nspire CX CAS	kommerciel	?	Windows	macOS			deSolve( $y'=b\cdot y-a$ , $x$ , $y$ )^[97]	^[98]^[99]
TI-89 simulator & TI-92 Plus emulator	freeware eller fri software	?	online				deSolve( $y'=b\cdot y-a$ , $x$ , $y$ )	^[100]^[101]
Xcas	freeware eller fri software	C++	Windows	macOS	Linux	Android	desolve( $y'=b\cdot y-a$ , $y$ )^[29]	^[7]
Yacas	freeware eller fri software	C++	Windows	macOS	Linux		OdeSolve( $y''-4*y==0$ )^[102]	^[103]

* løser også triple integraler.

Se også[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Wolfram Alpha

Referencer[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

^ "Arkiveret kopi" (PDF). Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 2. juni 2021. Hentet 1. juni 2021.
^ Differentialregning
^ Integralregning
^ https://www.matematikfysik.dk/mat/noter_tillaeg/integralregning.pdf
^ Differentialligninger
^ https://emu.dk/sites/default/files/2019-11/mat-A-stx-formelsamling-feb-2019.pdf
^ ^a ^b ^c Giac/Xcas, a free computer algebra system
^ "Arkiveret kopi". Arkiveret fra originalen 12. april 2021. Hentet 20. april 2020.
^ https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/508335
^ ^a ^b ^c https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63898/1/MPRA_paper_63898.pdf
^ Symbolic mathematics on Linux på lwn.net
^ Présentation
^ ^a ^b Xcas | Semantic Scholar
^ ^a ^b Xcas Calcul Formel Lycee | Intégral | Variable (Mathématiques)
^ GeoGebra Manual
^ Giac/Xcas, free computer algebra system
^ Xcas reference card
^ ^a ^b ^c Xcas - Mathematical software - swMATH
^ https://melusine.eu.org/syracuse/giac/exemples.pdf
^ https://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~frederic.han/xcas/giacpy/giacpy_sage-doc.pdf
^ Xcas as a Programming Environment for Stability Conditions for a Class of Differential Equation Models in Economics - NASA/ADS
^ http://www.technicalc.org/benchmark/benchmark.pdf
^ Integration and Differential Equations | SpringerLink
^ dxcas.dvi
^ Les fonctions de XCAS
^ Prise en main de Xcas
^ [PDF] Using Xcas in Calculus Curricula: a Plan of Lectures and Laboratory Projects | Semantic Scholar
^ http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.580.4878&rep=rep1&type=pdf
^ ^a ^b http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/giac/cascmd_en.pdf
^ Download Xcas - Logitheque English
^ All the Mac Maths and Arithmetic software
^ Symbolic Algebra Everywhere | Linux Journal
^ ^a ^b Top 20 Best Computer Algebra Systems for Linux in 2020
^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294584414_Freeware_and_Open_Source_Software_Tools_for_Distance_Learning_in_Mathematics
^ https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kde.necessitas.mucephi.android_xcas&hl=da&gl=US
^ Xcas en ligne
^ "Arkiveret kopi". Arkiveret fra originalen 26. februar 2022. Hentet 26. februar 2022.
^ Bernard Parisse - author detailed information
^ https://pnp.mathematik.uni-stuttgart.de/igt/eiserm/enseignement/mao/mao-presentation.paper-2x4.pdf
^ [Project] port xCAS or Maxima to TInspire
^ About: Xcas
^ "Arkiveret kopi". Arkiveret fra originalen 21. april 2022. Hentet 26. februar 2022.
^ 1 or 2 Variable Command Line Programs - Func(Var1, [Var2])
^ Bernard Parisse - "GIAC/XCAS and PARI/GP": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vobVCyDAecY
^ https://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/giac/tutoriel_en.pdf
^ #10940 (giac interface) – Sage
^ [https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1794/179429882005.pdf Redalyc.La enseÃ±anza de las matemÃ¡ticas y la tecnologÃ�a]
^ Module 2 - Introduction
^ Xcas_session
^ Computer Algebra in Education
^ Guide to QuizComposer© (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig)
^ Matematik | Lycée Francais Prins Henrik (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig)
^ "Er der gået "pensumnitis" i brugen af GeoGebra? - Folkeskolen.dk". Arkiveret fra originalen 28. september 2020. Hentet 25. februar 2022.
^ "GeoGebra-bloggen - Folkeskolen.dk". Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2020. Hentet 25. februar 2022.
^ "Arkiveret kopi". Arkiveret fra originalen 25. februar 2022. Hentet 26. februar 2022.
^ What is LibreOffice? | LibreOffice - Free and private office suite - Based on OpenOffice - Compatible with Microsoft
^ "Arkiveret kopi" (PDF). Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 4. marts 2021. Hentet 1. marts 2022.
^ Maple til danske gymnasier - Maplesoft
^ Medicinsk genetik, Odontologi - 2020/2021
^ DTU Course Website 01005
^ Database of Academic Research Journals. url: http://www.worldjournal.org/articles/eng/Xcas Arkiveret 31. december 2019 hos Wayback Machine
^ "xcas - Computer Algebra System - console and graphical calculator". Arkiveret fra originalen 12. april 2020. Hentet 12. april 2020.
^ https://dspace.ut.ee/bitstream/handle/10062/58398/tonisson_eno.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
^ Beginner’s comparison of Computer Algebra Systems (Mathematica / Maxima / Maple) – Lucky's Notes
^ Mathematical Software - ICMS 2014: 4th International Conference, Seoul ... - Google Bøger
^ Computer Algebra Independent Integration Tests
^ www.12000.org/my_notes/CAS_integration_tests/index.htm
^ Systeme |
^ ^a ^b List of Computer Tools in Mathematics
^ #22280 (Giac miscompiles on non-x86_64 platforms) – Sage
^ https://www.singular.uni-kl.de
^ CPMP - Mathematical software - swMATH
^ ^a ^b "CPMP-Tools Software". Arkiveret fra originalen 12. januar 2020. Hentet 12. januar 2020.
^ WordMath - EDUAP
^ ^a ^b ExpressionsinBar
^ ExpressionsinBar - YouTube
^ Graphmatica by kSoft
^ Kig - KDE Applications
^ The Kig Handbook
^ http://faculty.uml.edu/jennifer_gonzalezzugasti/Calculus%20II%20Video%20Lectures/documents/8.5CAScomputeralgebrasystem.pdf
^ Le forum de XCAS - Page d’accueil
^ Comparison of computer algebra systems
^ SolveODE Command - GeoGebra Manual
^ GeoGebra Classic - GeoGebra
^ interactive symbolic and numeric solution of ordinary differential equations - Maple Programming Help
^ https://www.maplesoft.com/
^ Introduction to Differential Equation Solving with DSolve—Wolfram Language Documentation
^ Wolfram|Alpha: Computational Intelligence
^ Wolfram Mathematica: Modern Technical Computing
^ MATLAB - MathWorks - MATLAB & Simulink
^ Functions and Variables for Differential Equations (Maxima 5.44.0 Manual)
^ Online Algebra Calculator | Maxima-online
^ Solving ordinary differential equations — Sage 9.2 Reference Manual: Symbolic Calculus
^ SageMath - Open-Source Mathematical Software System
^ Singular
^ "Singular". Arkiveret fra originalen 20. juli 2017. Hentet 23. december 2020.
^ "Differentialligninger - TI-nspire hjælp". Arkiveret fra originalen 23. oktober 2020. Hentet 20. december 2020.
^ Download Your TI-Nspire™ CAS Student Software - Texas Instruments - US and Canada
^ Undervisningmidler - Texas Instruments
^ TI-89 Online Simulator
^ TI-89 / TI-92+ / TI-V200 / TI-89T emulator (beta version 12-debrouxl)
^ Differential Equations — Yacas
^ Yacas

Eksterne henvisninger[redigér | rediger kildetekst]

Webside (engelsk) (med mulighed for download)
Mere information (engelsk)
Juraj Strossmayer, Josip (2017-10-05) [2017]. ""MATHEMATICS EDUCATION AS A SCIENCE AND A PROFESSION" (PDF)" (PDF). Hentet 2019-05-02. (engelsk)
De Graeve, Renée (2018-01-19) [2013]. "Symbolic computation and Mathematics with the calculator HP Prime" (PDF). Oversat af Lecointre, Jean Michel. Hentet 2018-01-22. (engelsk)
- Halkos, George (2015-04-25) [2014]. "Perspectives on integrating a computer algebra system into advanced calculus curricula" (PDF). Hentet 2019-09-06.
"Computeralgebra-Rundbrief Nr. 62: Fachgruppe Computeralgebra" (PDF). (Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. 2018-03-02. Hentet 2019-05-02.) (tysk)
http://www.mathsaulycee.sitew.com/fs/premiere_s/8uoow-xcas_commande_utile.pdf (PDF) (fransk)
http://briand-lyc.spip.ac-rouen.fr/IMG/pdf/xcas_fonctions.pdf (PDF) (fransk)
Barnard Parisse: Mathématiques avec Xcas (PDF) (fransk)
Les Maths et Mes Tics (fransk)

[1] "Arkiveret kopi" (PDF). Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 2. juni 2021. Hentet 1. juni 2021.

[2] Differentialregning

[3] Integralregning

[4] ttps://www.matematikfysik.dk/mat/noter_tillaeg/integralregning.pdf

[5] Differentialligninger

[6] ttps://emu.dk/sites/default/files/2019-11/mat-A-stx-formelsamling-feb-2019.pdf

[autogeneret8-7] Giac/Xcas, a free computer algebra system

[8] "Arkiveret kopi". Arkiveret fra originalen 12. april 2021. Hentet 20. april 2020.

[9] ttps://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/508335

[:1-10] ttps://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63898/1/MPRA_paper_63898.pdf

[11] Symbolic mathematics on Linux på lwn.net

[12] Présentation

[autogeneret1-13] Xcas | Semantic Scholar

[:0-14] Xcas Calcul Formel Lycee | Intégral | Variable (Mathématiques)

[:3-15] GeoGebra Manual

[16] Giac/Xcas, free computer algebra system

[17] Xcas reference card

[autogeneret3-18] Xcas - Mathematical software - swMATH

[19] ttps://melusine.eu.org/syracuse/giac/exemples.pdf

[20] ttps://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~frederic.han/xcas/giacpy/giacpy_sage-doc.pdf

[21] Xcas as a Programming Environment for Stability Conditions for a Class of Differential Equation Models in Economics - NASA/ADS

[22] ttp://www.technicalc.org/benchmark/benchmark.pdf

[23] Integration and Differential Equations | SpringerLink

[24] xcas.dvi

[25] Les fonctions de XCAS

[26] Prise en main de Xcas

[27] [PDF] Using Xcas in Calculus Curricula: a Plan of Lectures and Laboratory Projects | Semantic Scholar

[28] ttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.580.4878&rep=rep1&type=pdf

[autogeneret6-29] ttp://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/giac/cascmd_en.pdf

[30] Download Xcas - Logitheque English

[31] All the Mac Maths and Arithmetic software

[32] Symbolic Algebra Everywhere | Linux Journal

[autogeneret7-33] Top 20 Best Computer Algebra Systems for Linux in 2020

[34] ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/294584414_Freeware_and_Open_Source_Software_Tools_for_Distance_Learning_in_Mathematics

[35] ttps://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kde.necessitas.mucephi.android_xcas&hl=da&gl=US

[36] Xcas en ligne

[37] "Arkiveret kopi". Arkiveret fra originalen 26. februar 2022. Hentet 26. februar 2022.

[38] Bernard Parisse - author detailed information

[39] ttps://pnp.mathematik.uni-stuttgart.de/igt/eiserm/enseignement/mao/mao-presentation.paper-2x4.pdf

[40] [Project] port xCAS or Maxima to TInspire

[41] About: Xcas

[42] "Arkiveret kopi". Arkiveret fra originalen 21. april 2022. Hentet 26. februar 2022.

[43] 1 or 2 Variable Command Line Programs - Func(Var1, [Var2])

[44] Bernard Parisse - "GIAC/XCAS and PARI/GP": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vobVCyDAecY

[45] ttps://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/giac/tutoriel_en.pdf

[46] #10940 (giac interface) – Sage

[47] [https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1794/179429882005.pdf Redalyc.La enseÃ±anza de las matemÃ¡ticas y la tecnologÃ�a]

[48] Module 2 - Introduction

[49] Xcas_session

[50] Computer Algebra in Education

[51] Guide to QuizComposer© (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig)

[52] Matematik | Lycée Francais Prins Henrik (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig)

[:02-53] "Er der gået "pensumnitis" i brugen af GeoGebra? - Folkeskolen.dk". Arkiveret fra originalen 28. september 2020. Hentet 25. februar 2022.

[54] "GeoGebra-bloggen - Folkeskolen.dk". Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2020. Hentet 25. februar 2022.

[55] "Arkiveret kopi". Arkiveret fra originalen 25. februar 2022. Hentet 26. februar 2022.

[56] What is LibreOffice? | LibreOffice - Free and private office suite - Based on OpenOffice - Compatible with Microsoft

[57] "Arkiveret kopi" (PDF). Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 4. marts 2021. Hentet 1. marts 2022.

[58] Maple til danske gymnasier - Maplesoft

[59] Medicinsk genetik, Odontologi - 2020/2021

[60] DTU Course Website 01005

[61] Database of Academic Research Journals. url: http://www.worldjournal.org/articles/eng/Xcas Arkiveret 31. december 2019 hos Wayback Machine

[62] "xcas - Computer Algebra System - console and graphical calculator". Arkiveret fra originalen 12. april 2020. Hentet 12. april 2020.

[63] ttps://dspace.ut.ee/bitstream/handle/10062/58398/tonisson_eno.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

[64] Beginner’s comparison of Computer Algebra Systems (Mathematica / Maxima / Maple) – Lucky's Notes

[65] Mathematical Software - ICMS 2014: 4th International Conference, Seoul ... - Google Bøger

[66] Computer Algebra Independent Integration Tests

[67] www.12000.org/my_notes/CAS_integration_tests/index.htm

[68] Systeme |

[autogeneret2-69] List of Computer Tools in Mathematics

[70] #22280 (Giac miscompiles on non-x86_64 platforms) – Sage

[71] ttps://www.singular.uni-kl.de

[72] CPMP - Mathematical software - swMATH

[autogeneret4-73] "CPMP-Tools Software". Arkiveret fra originalen 12. januar 2020. Hentet 12. januar 2020.

[74] WordMath - EDUAP

[autogeneret5-75] ExpressionsinBar

[76] ExpressionsinBar - YouTube

[77] Graphmatica by kSoft

[78] Kig - KDE Applications

[79] The Kig Handbook

[80] ttp://faculty.uml.edu/jennifer_gonzalezzugasti/Calculus%20II%20Video%20Lectures/documents/8.5CAScomputeralgebrasystem.pdf

[81] Le forum de XCAS - Page d’accueil

[82] Comparison of computer algebra systems

[83] SolveODE Command - GeoGebra Manual

[84] GeoGebra Classic - GeoGebra

[85] teractive symbolic and numeric solution of ordinary differential equations - Maple Programming Help

[86] ttps://www.maplesoft.com/

[87] Introduction to Differential Equation Solving with DSolve—Wolfram Language Documentation

[88] Wolfram|Alpha: Computational Intelligence

[89] Wolfram Mathematica: Modern Technical Computing

[90] MATLAB - MathWorks - MATLAB & Simulink

[91] Functions and Variables for Differential Equations (Maxima 5.44.0 Manual)

[92] Online Algebra Calculator | Maxima-online

[93] Solving ordinary differential equations — Sage 9.2 Reference Manual: Symbolic Calculus

[94] SageMath - Open-Source Mathematical Software System

[95] Singular

[96] "Singular". Arkiveret fra originalen 20. juli 2017. Hentet 23. december 2020.

[:10-97] "Differentialligninger - TI-nspire hjælp". Arkiveret fra originalen 23. oktober 2020. Hentet 20. december 2020.

[98] Download Your TI-Nspire™ CAS Student Software - Texas Instruments - US and Canada

[99] Undervisningmidler - Texas Instruments

[:9-100] TI-89 Online Simulator

[:8-101] TI-89 / TI-92+ / TI-V200 / TI-89T emulator (beta version 12-debrouxl)

[102] Differential Equations — Yacas

[103] Yacas

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